Population decline is starting to become a serious issue in countries like Japan, but also most countries outside of Africa. China has attempted various ways of getting their citizens to have more children, but to no avail.
Given that China is essentially authoritarian and capable of extreme policies – like the (crazy in retrospect) one-child policy, and social credit scores – deciding that their citizens are not allowed to leave the country is definitely on the cards. It will also increase internal spending if people cannot take overseas holidays.
It won’t be absolute; bribery will still happen, and party members will still have privileges. Also, any family members remaining in the country can be punished.
Meanwhile in western countries something similar might occur, but for businesses, not individuals. It is well-known that businesses create overseas divisions for the purpose of lower tax, like tech companies in Ireland. This costs their homeland a lot of lost tax. It also makes outsourcing easier and more common, with the consequence of less employment in their homeland.
Here’s a bold prediction – and the US might lead the charge. Once a business is incorporated in the US, it is forbidden to have overseas subsidiaries, or invest in overseas businesses. Anything “overseas” they wish to do must be with unrelated businesses.
While it won’t stop outsourcing, it wil become a little bit less appealing, and further the east/west divide.